risks of using dap incoterm dap條款的風險
dap incoterm is a term used to describe a buy-sell arrangement where goods are delivered to a specific location, also known as the “named place”.dap incoterm是一個用來描述商品被送達到一個特定地點的買賣安排，這個地點也被稱為“指定地點”。
dap is an acronym for “delivered at place.” delivery methods vary depending on the type of goods being delivered and the geographic location of the named place. dap是“delivered at place”的縮寫。交貨方式會根據商品類型和指定地點的地理位置而變化。
in other words, dap is not a maritime-only term and can be used with all modes of transport. the dap term was introduced into the incoterms in 2010.換句話說，dap不僅僅是海運術語，它可以用于所有的運輸方式。dap術語在2010年被引入incoterms。
transference of risk 風險轉移
in dap terms, risk passes from the seller to the buyer at the named place of destination. 在dap條款下，風險在指定的目的地從賣家轉移到買家。
most of the time, this named place would be somewhere near the buyer’s warehouse or even the buyer’s warehouse itself. 大多數情況下，這個指定地點會在買家的倉庫附近，甚至就是買家的倉庫。
nonetheless, under dap the buyer still has to arrange for import clearance, which means in most cases that the buyer would be the importer of record.然而，在dap下，買家仍然需要安排進口清關，這意味著在大多數情況下，買家將成為記錄上的進口商。
loading/unloading responsibility 裝載/卸載責任
under the dap terms, the seller is not responsible for unloading the cargo at the place of destination. 在dap條款下，賣家不負責在目的地卸貨。
this is a major issue that many buyers and sellers overlook when dealing on dap erms.這可能是許多買家和賣家在dap條款交易時忽視的一個重大問題。
although in many cases this might not be a problem, it would become a hassle if the cargo is not easily unloaded or it is delivered to an inconvenient place.雖然在許多情況下這可能不是問題，但如果貨物不容易卸載或者被送到一個不方便的地方，就會變得麻煩。
case study 案例研究
for example, if a buyer orders large and heavy equipment like a tunneling drill from a seller that needs to be delivered to a work site, there is a possibility that the work site will not be equipped to unload the tunneling drill from the conveyance that brings it to the work-site.
例如，如果買家從賣家那里訂購了像隧道鉆機這樣的大型重型設備，需要送到工作現場，那么工作現場可能沒有裝備來從運輸工具上卸下隧道鉆機。
in this case, the buyer would have failed to take delivery and be liable for any charges incurred. 在這種情況下，買家將無法接收貨物，并需要負責任何產生的費用。
for example, if the buyer now takes 2 weeks to arrange for a crane and manpower to access the work site just to unload the item from the low-bed truck that brought the item there, the buyer would have to pay for all charges incurred. 例如，如果買家現在需要花兩周時間安排起重機和人力到工作現場，只是為了從低平板卡車上卸下貨物，買家將不得不支付所有產生的費用。
if the daily rate of holding the low-bed was not agreed upon in advance, the buyer would be at the mercy of the low-bed operator who could effectively choose to hold the item until whatever rate they deem to be fair is paid upfront!如果沒有提前約定低平板卡車的每日持有費用，買家將完全受制于低平板卡車操作員，他們可以選擇持有貨物，直到他們認為公平的費用被預先支付!
conclusion結論
such risks are not limited only to the dap incoterm.
這樣的風險并不僅限于dap incoterm。
using any incoterm without fully understanding the roles and responsibilities between buyer and seller can result in unexpected charges and delays. 如果在沒有完全理解買賣雙方的角色和責任的情況下使用任何incoterm，可能會導致意外的費用和延誤。
in worst-case situations, cargo could also get abandoned to customs authorities. 在最糟糕的情況下，貨物也可能被遺棄給海關當局。
hence, it is important for both buyers and sellers to study the incoterms that they choose to deal with before executing any shipment.因此，在執行任何貨物運輸之前，買賣雙方都有必要研究他們選擇處理的incoterms。



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